Hybrid Warfare

Covert Action as Hybrid Warfare—Clarifying the Semantics

Abstract:

In the era of labels, distinguishing between constructs is becoming increasingly difficult. Covert action and hybrid warfare are two constructs suffering from this predicament. The question is whether covert action is hybrid warfare, vis-a-versa, or whether one construct eclipsed the other. In an era where covert action has become problematic from an international relations perspective, is this predicament being resolved by labelling covert action as hybrid warfare? This article explores the semantics and nuances of these two constructs to clarify their relative utility. The paper argues that covert action is subordinate to hybrid warfare. Covert action forms part of a synchronized line of effort within a broader hybrid warfare campaign, when planned effectively against a target and target audience(s).

Published In

Volume 22, Issue 3

Can There Be a Deterrent Strategy for Influence Operations?

Abstract:

This article attempts to stimulate thinking on responses to hybrid threats by looking at principles of deterrence in relation to influenceoperations. It begins with the questions whether influenceoperations can be deterred, and if so, how? The article explores these questions by outlining a framework for a deterrence posture for influenceoperations through a three-pronged approach based on resilience, deterrents, and countermeasures.

Published In

Volume 18, Issue 3

Bitcoin’s Blockchain Technology for Hybrid Warfare: Laws to the Rescue?

Disclaimer: These are the authors’ personal views and are not associated with the U.S. government, U.S. Air Force Academy, U.S. Military Academy, or U.S. Navy policy.

Abstract:

This paper identifies the way the international system has adapted to threatening weapons, such as weapons of mass destruction, through laws and treaties. This is a fundamental way of thinking about dealing with emerging cyber threats. The speed and tenacity of cyber weapons present a stark future of unbound hybrid warfare, driven primarily by China and Russia, which challenges the Western international order.

Published In

Volume 18, Issue 1

Journal of Information Warfare

The definitive publication for the best and latest research and analysis on information warfare, information operations, and cyber crime. Available in traditional hard copy or online.

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The definitive publication for the best and latest research and analysis on information warfare, information operations, and cyber crime. Available in traditional hard copy or online.

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